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Originally Posted by
Dirac
Any system is chaotic if it is governed by a non-linear differential equation. Difficulties arise because the solutions lose uniqueness and do not obey the superposition principle (linear combinations of solutions are also solutions). These are heavily relied upon in solving linear differential equations.
Characteristics of chaotic systems involve the obvious: non-periodic behavior, unpredictability, as well as extreme sensitivity to initial conditions (the butterfly effect).
Because of this, non-linear systems were historically ignored, or linearized to produce approximate solutions under certain limiting cases. However, new approaches to non-linear systems (what you might call The Chaos Theory) have produced an enormous amount of insight despite the inherent difficulties. Patterns (or semi-periodic behavior) can be identified as well as some universal characteristics across many chaotic systems.
Do to these advances, non-linear systems (a more appropriate title than Chaos Theory) has become a research field of its own over the last 20 years.
Whew, I just needed to get that off my chest. Thanks for listening. -Dirac