To get back to the OP:
For feats, alot is up to you and your style.
Here are a few that are solid choices:
Mental Toughness (more SP)
Improved Mental Toughness (yet more SP)
Spell Focus / Greater School Focus - despite the name, you can take either of these in any order.
Each raises the difficulty of a save against your spell by the bad guys. This is called the spell's DC. So without it, the spell save may be like ... say 20 (Will). You can see this info in the tooltip when you hover your mouse over the spell icon. On my example, the bad guy would need to make a "save" over 20 using his Will save, or else he fails his save. Some spells don't have saves, others do. The effect of failing a save also varies for each spell. Anyway, when you take this feat, it increases the save for all spells of a certain "school" by one. So if you take Spell Focus (Enchantment) your enchatment spells, on our example, would require a save of 21 instead of 20. If you take both Spell Focus (Enchantment) AND Greater Spell Focus (Enchantment), it would be 22 instead of 20. By looking at the tooltip when you hover over the spell you can see the school of each spell.
Spell Penetration / Greater Spell Penetration - These are proving to be "must have" in the level 15/16 quests, but until then most people said they were useless.
Metamagic feats - You'll hear different things but I like the following, in descending order:
1. Maximize - doubles your spell damage. Nice.
2. Heighten - treats whatever spell you're casting as if it were the highest level spell you can cast. So a Heightened level 1 spell is cast as if it were a level 8 spell (if you're level 16). This is important because, again, the mobs "save" against the spell is based in part on the level of the spell.
3. Empower - like maximize, but increases just 50%.
There are others but I don't really like them for sorcs - enlarge (increases the spell's range); quicken (cuts down on the time between when you push the 'cast' button adn when the spell is actually cast, but doesn't cut down on the timer between casts ... not too useful to a sorc as you are a very fast caster as it is). Maybe others still I'm not remembering.
A relatively safe bet until you learn the complexities of the game even better would be to take Mental Toughness, Improved Mental Toughness, then pick a school and take the spell focus feats in that school.
GL.